What are XComs in Airflow?

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In Apache Airflow, XComs (short for "Cross-Communication")

 are a mechanism that allows tasks within a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) to share small pieces of data between them. Normally, tasks in Airflow run independently, but sometimes one task needs to pass information to another—for example, the output of one task becoming the input for the next. XComs make this possible by storing data in Airflow’s metadata database using a key-value system.

Each XCom entry has a key, value, timestamp, and task/dag identifiers. Tasks can “push” XComs using xcom_push() and retrieve them using xcom_pull(). They are lightweight, so they are best suited for small data like file paths, status messages, or IDs rather than large datasets.

XComs also integrate with Airflow’s UI, where you can view, debug, and manage these values.

If you want, I can give you a real example with Python code to illustrate XComs usage. Do you want me to do that?

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