What are sensors in Airflow?

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In Apache Airflow, sensors

are a specialized type of operator that waits for a specific condition to be met before allowing its downstream tasks to run. They continuously "poke" or check for this condition at a set interval. This makes them crucial for building event-driven workflows, where a DAG's execution depends on external factors rather than just a fixed schedule. ⏳

How Sensors Work

Sensors work by repeatedly running a check until a condition is satisfied. For example, a sensor might:

Wait for a file to appear in a specific directory (FileSensor).

Check if a particular row exists in a database (SqlSensor).

Wait for an HTTP endpoint to return a specific response (HttpSensor).

Wait for a task in another DAG to complete (ExternalTaskSensor).

Poke vs. Reschedule Mode

Sensors have two main modes of operation to manage resource consumption:

Poke mode (default): The sensor task occupies a worker slot for its entire runtime, sleeping for a set poke_interval between checks. This is best for short-lived waits.

Reschedule mode: The sensor task releases the worker slot between checks, freeing up resources. It gets rescheduled to run again after the poke_interval. This is ideal for long-running waits to avoid tying up workers.

Read More

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How can you monitor and debug Airflow tasks?

What logging and alerting tools are useful in pipelines?

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